![]() ![]() (See oralism.) Teachers give particular emphasis on spoken language with children who speak a different primary language outside of the school. Vocal language are traditionally taught to them in the same way that written language must be taught to hearing children. Deaf children can do the same with Cued Speech or sign language if either visual communication system is used around them. Hearing children acquire as their first language the language that is used around them, whether vocal, cued (if they are sighted), or signed. However, some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence. ![]() Within the fields of linguistics, the current consensus is that speech is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Relation between spoken and written language In both vocal and sign languages, words are grammatically and prosodically linked into phrases, clauses, and larger units of discourse. ![]() In sign languages, words are made up from a limited set of shapes, orientations, locations movements of the hands, and often facial expressions in both cases, the building blocks are called phonemes. In vocal languages, words are made up from a limited set of vowels and consonants, and often tone. īoth vocal and sign languages are composed of words. ( Conversation, in formal or informal settings is an example.) Written language, on the other hand, is the common mode used to convey objective information. Similarly, the spoken language tends to convey subjective information, including the relationship between the speaker and the audience. In spoken language, the truth of a proposition is determined by common-sense reference to experience, but in written language, a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument. That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text. In spoken language, much of a speaker's meaning is determined by the context. Others refer to sign language as "spoken", especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs. The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only oral languages, especially by linguists, excluding sign languages and making the terms 'spoken', 'oral', 'vocal language' synonymous. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract in contrast with a sign language, which is produced with the body and hands. A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds or (depending on one's definition) manual gestures, as opposed to a written language. ![]()
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